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Quality control based on electrode displacement and force in resistance spot welding

Chuntao JI, Lipeng DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 412-417 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0114-x

摘要： The behaviors of electrode displacement and force during spot welding under various conditions, such as different weld currents, electrode forces, and welding times, were studied. Tests were conducted on a 170?kVA MFDC spot welder. Data were collected via a multichannel high-speed data acquisition system and were analyzed with MATLAB. Behaviors of 5182 aluminum and mild steel in spot welding were compared. Results show that nugget expansion rate does not reach zero for aluminium as it does for mild steel as nugget grew to a certain size. A linear relationship is found between the nugget size and maximum expansion that facilitates online weld quality evaluation. An electrode force peak is observed and believed relevant to the sufficient nugget size.

关键词： aluminum electrode displacement electrode force nugget size data acquisition

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大数据知识工程发展现状及展望

郑庆华,刘欢,龚铁梁,张玲玲,刘均

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 208-220 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.018

摘要：

大数据知识工程是人工智能的“基础设施”、诸多行业和领域面临的共性需求、信息化迈向智能化的必由之路。本文阐述了大数据知识工程产生的背景与概念内涵，提出了“数据知识化、知识体系化、知识可推理”的研究框架；梳理了知识获取与融合、知识表征、知识推理等大数据知识工程关键技术和智慧教育、税务风险管控、智慧医疗等典型场景中的工程应用；总结了大数据知识工程面临的挑战，研判了大数据知识工程的未来研究方向，包括复杂大数据知识获取、知识+数据混合学习、脑启发知识编码记忆等。研究建议，引导多学科交叉融合，设立重大和重点研发专项，推动大数据知识工程基础理论与技术攻关；加强企业和研究机构间交流合作，推广前沿研究成果并形成应用示范，建立大数据知识工程行业标准体系；以重大需求应用为导向，探索校企协同育人模式，加快大数据知识工程技术在重要行业的落地应用。

关键词：大数据知识工程知识获取知识融合知识表征知识推理

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风险矩阵法在武器装备采办风险评估中的运用

李忠民,魏一鸣,汤淑春,陈健

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第6期页码 95-99

摘要：

在对国外广泛采用的风险矩阵评估方法进行全面分析和系统总结的基础上，对风险矩阵方法在我国武器装备采办风险评估中的运用进行了探讨，并从风险影响和风险概率两个准则入手，以某武器型号采办为例示范性地进行了风险评估，从而为制定科学合理的武器装备采办风险管理提供决策依据。

关键词：风险矩阵方法风险评估武器装备采办

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对良好中药标准的深层化学认知 Review

候晋军, 张建青, 姚长良, Rudolf Bauer, Ikhlas A. Khan, 吴婉莹, 果德安

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第1期页码 83-97 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.005

摘要：

中药（TCM）是一种天然来源的复杂体系，具有多种多样的化学成分，在中国被广泛应用。中药的质量控制对政府和检测机构来说是一项巨大的挑战，涉及大量科学问题，包括：中药中有多少成分？如何全面地描述中药的诸多成分以及随后如何表征这些成分？为了推荐对照品的选择，这些（活性）代谢产物在多成分中药中的水平和范围是什么？以及选择的指标成分成分需要哪些质量要求，并且从实用的角度看，如何以低成本在短时间内对这些成分进行定量评价？所有这些因素均需要深思熟虑，才能理解中药独特的化学性质，从而提高中药质量标准，从而为患者提供更好的和更稳定的药物治疗。为了回应这些科学问题，本文汇总了有关中药化学分析技术和方法的最新探索性研究。这些方法的进展包括针对液相色谱- 高分辨质谱（LC-HARMS）联用技术的多维分离、LC-HRMS 联用技术的智能触发数据依赖型采集、利用液相色谱- 质谱联用技术（LC-MS）进行靶向分析、超临界流体色谱以及大的质谱（MS）数据集的数据挖掘。此外，为了节省对照品和中药质量标准的分析时间，本文提出了两种质量策略，分别是应用一标多测（SSDMC）和一法多用法。最后，本文介绍了一系列针对中药分析方法的改进。

关键词：中药液相色谱质谱数据依赖型采集化学计量学非靶向数据挖掘质量控制

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Implementation and performance evaluation of advance metering infrastructure for Borneo-Wide Power Grid

Mujahid TABASSUM,Manas K. HALDAR,Duaa Fatima S. KHAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 192-211 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0438-2

摘要： In this paper, a supervisory computer network for Borneo-Wide Power Grid system have been proposed and implemented, which includes a renewable power generation and advanced metering infrastructure. An Internet-based communication network running on multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) has been implemented for a smart power grid, with the addition of the renewable energy monitoring system. The centralized supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA) are replaced by a wide area monitoring system(WAMS) comprising of a phasor measurement unit (PMU). The implemented communication network used advanced metering infrastructure that operates on worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) and low power Wi-Fi, which are proposed for the distribution systems of Sarawak Energy. The proposed wide area network (WAN) is simulated using OPNET Modeler and the results are compared with the existing WAN used by Sarawak Energy.

关键词： renewable energy multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) power grid phasor measurement unit (PMU) supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA) wide area monitoring system (WAMS) worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)

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环境数据的获取、精细化和整合——在意大利西北部脆弱山地社区诺瓦莱萨的初步应用 Article

Massimiliano Lega, Marco Casazza,Laura Turconi, Fabio Luino, Domenico Tropeano, Gabriele Savio, Sergio Ulgiati, Theodore Endreny

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 635-642 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.011

摘要：

气候条件影响了山地社区的社会经济发展，特别是易发生高山斜坡破坏和泥石流等自然灾害的山区，气候因素将发挥重要的影响作用，因此在制定适当的可持续发展方案时应考虑到气候因素。同时，气候变化改变了生态系统服务（ES）功能，使得土壤肥力下降、水资源供应减少、草地面积减少、监管服务（如防止自然灾害）和文化服务发生潜在转变。本研究以意大利阿尔卑斯山区为研究区域进行初步讨论，该地区经历过极端降水和侵蚀，社区的发展十分依赖于对自然资源的直接利用。初步研究结果表明，经济因素影响了诺瓦莱萨社区（位于意大利西北部的皮埃蒙特地区）过去的人口变化趋势。然而，由气象气候因素引发的岩崩和泥石流事件的数量不断增加，可能会进一步影响社区人们的生计。因此，环境监测和数据分析对于辨识景观和气候变化的趋势并选择适当的规划方案是很重要的，这有助于将山地社区人口维持在全球人口的10%左右，这也是贫困地区未来经济发展的一个重要机遇。

关键词：环境数据精细化气候变化山地社区意大利恢复力社会生态系统水文地质风险

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西堠门大桥结构监测系统的设计与实现（II）：系统实现

刘志强,李娜,郭健 ,冯良平,宋刚

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第7期页码 101-106

摘要：

采用“西堠门大桥结构监测系统的设计与实现（I）：系统设计”中的设计方法，为西堠门大桥设计并实现桥梁结构监测系统。研究西堠门大桥结构监测系统的总体设计方案、子系统的设计方案及其软硬件的实现。分析西堠门大桥结构监测系统在运营中监测的桥梁荷载和结构响应。研究结果表明，西堠门大桥结构监测系统正常运行，实现了预期设计功能，基于工业以太网分布式数据采集与传输系统在桥梁结构监测系统中得以成功应用，可在其他工程中加以推广。

关键词：桥梁结构监测系统工业以太网分布式数据采集系统系统集成

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Simultaneous acquisition of CT angiography and whole brain CT perfusion images by using multiphase dynamic

Weiwei CHEN, Jianpin QI, Wenzhen ZHU, Wenhua HUANG, Jinmei SONG

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 230-235 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0023-8

摘要： We implemented a new protocol — multiphase dynamic helical scan to acquire CT angiography (CTA) and whole brain CT perfusion (CTP) images simultaneously with single scan on 16 multidetector CT (MDCT). A total of 90 patients who were randomly assigned into 3 groups were included in our study. Each group underwent CT scan by using the new protocol, traditional CTA and CTP protocol, respectively. The image quality of CTA, the CTP parameter values and the X-ray doses were measured and compared between the new protocol and the traditional protocols. There was no statistically significant difference in the CTA image quality between the above methods ( =0.55). For CTP parameters, the new protocol tended to overestimate the blood volume (BV) and blood flow (BF) value, and to underestimate the mean transit time (MTT) value compared with the traditional method. However, there was no statistically significant difference in BV, BF, and MTT value between the two methods except permeability surface (PS) ( >0.05). The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) of our protocol were lower than the traditional one. The new protocol can obtain valuable diagnostic information in a shorter time without significant compromise in image quality. In addition, it reduces the radiation dose as well as contrast medium usage on the patient.

关键词： computed tomography angiography computed tomography perfusion

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基于全寿命周期的武器装备采办风险识别研究

李忠民,,汤淑春,李军4,陈健

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第12期页码 49-53

摘要：

讨论了武器装备采办全寿命周期的概念，给出了武器装备采办全寿命周期风险识别的原则和程序；探讨了采办风险识别的方法，提出了全寿命周期各阶段风险识别方法的组合选择方案；在寿命周期各阶段识别方法的选择方案基础上，分析了寿命周期各阶段的风险，为武器装备采办全寿命周期风险的系统管理奠定了基础。

关键词：风险识别武器装备采办风险管理全寿命周期

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多孔径光学成像系统及其光场采集数学模型 Review Article

祁启明,傅瑞罡,邵铮铮,王平,范红旗

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第6期页码 823-844 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100058

摘要：

受昆虫复眼启发，为提高光学成像质量，如获得高分辨率图像或大视场图像，研究者提出了许多多孔径光学成像系统。光场采集数学模型是联系多孔径光学成像系统结构设计与应用的纽带，但光场采集数学模型较少被关注。本文系统梳理了典型多孔径光学成像系统（仿生复眼、光场相机、相机阵列），总结了不同结构下多孔径光学成像系统的一般性光场采集数学模型。列出的数学模型既可用于计算特定多孔径光学成像系统的关键指标，如视场大小和子图像重叠比等，也可作为数学工具，便于研究者完成对成像系统的定量设计与评估。

关键词：多孔径光学成像系统；仿生复眼；光场相机；相机阵列；光场采集模型

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A review of systematic evaluation and improvement in the big data environment

Feng YANG, Manman WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 27-46 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0092-6

摘要： The era of big data brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges to management research. As one of the important functions of management decision-making, evaluation has been given more functions and application space. Exploring the applicable evaluation methods in the big data environment has become an important subject of research. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and discussion of systematic evaluation and improvement in the big data environment. We first review the evaluation methods based on the main analytic techniques of big data such as data mining, statistical methods, optimization and simulation, and deep learning. Focused on the characteristics of big data (association feature, data loss, data noise, and visualization), the relevant evaluation methods are given. Furthermore, we explore the systematic improvement studies and application fields. Finally, we analyze the new application areas of evaluation methods and give the future directions of evaluation method research in a big data environment from six aspects. We hope our research could provide meaningful insights for subsequent research.

关键词： big data evaluation methods systematic improvement big data analytic techniques data mining

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Analysis and control of micro-stepping characteristics of ultrasonic motor

Ning CHEN, Jieji ZHENG, Xianliang JIANG, Shixun FAN, Dapeng FAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第4期页码 585-599 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0577-3

摘要： Micro-stepping motion of ultrasonic motors satisfies biomedical applications, such as cell operation and nuclear magnetic resonance, which require a precise compact-structure non-magnetization positioning device. When the pulse number is relatively small, the stopping characteristics have a non-negligible effect on the entire stepwise process. However, few studies have been conducted to show the rule of the open-loop stepwise motion, especially the shutdown stage. In this study, the modal differences of the shutdown stage are found connected with amplitude and velocity at the turn-off instant. Changes of the length in the contact area and driving zone as well as the input currents, vibration states, output torque, and axial pressure are derived by a simulation model to further explore the rules. The speed curves and vibration results in functions of different pulse numbers are compared, and the stepwise motion can be described by a two-stage two-order transfer function. A test workbench based on the Field Programmable Gate Array is built for acquiring the speed, currents, and feedback voltages of the startup–shutdown stage accurately with the help of its excellent synchronization performances. Therefore, stator vibration, rotor velocity, and terminal displacements under different pulse numbers can be compared. Moreover, the two-stage two-order model is identified on the stepwise speed curves, and the fitness over 85% between the simulation and test verifies the model availability. Finally, with the optimization of the pulse number, the motor achieves 3.3 µrad in clockwise and counterclockwise direction.

关键词： ultrasonic motor stepping characteristics pulse number control synchronous acquisition system precise positioning

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Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Arecurrent data reliable?

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1694-0

摘要：

● Data quality assessment criteria for MP/NPs in food products were developed.

关键词： Microplastic Nanoplastic Food products Data quality Human health risk

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Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Jianxia GONG, Lindu ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 605-614 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0138-9

摘要： Blockchain is commonly considered a potential disruptive technology. Moreover, the healthcare industry has experienced rapid growth in the adoption of health information technology, such as electronic health records and electronic medical records. To guarantee data privacy and data security as well as to harness the value of health data, the concept of Health Data Bank (HDB) is proposed. In this study, HDB is defined as an integrated health data service institution, which bears no “ownership” of health data and operates health data under the principal–agent model. This study first comprehensively reviews the main characters of blockchain and identifies the blockchain-based healthcare industry projects and startups in the areas of health insurance, pharmacy, and medical treatment. Then, we analyze the fundamental principles of HDB and point out four challenges faced by HDB’s sustainable development: (1) privacy protection and interoperability of health data; (2) data rights; (3) health data supervision; (4) and willingness to share health data. We also analyze the important benefits of blockchain adoption in HDB. Furthermore, three application scenarios including distributed storage of health data, smart-contract-based healthcare service mode, and consensus-algorithm-based incentive policy are proposed to shed light on HDB-based healthcare service mode. In the end, this study offers insights into potential research directions and challenges.

关键词： Health Data Bank blockchain data assets smart contract incentive mechanism

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Challenges to Engineering Management in the Big Data Era

Yong Shi

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第3期页码 293-303 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015042

摘要： This paper presents a review of the challenges to engineering management in the Big Data Era as well as the Big Data applications. First, it outlines the definitions of big data, data science and intelligent knowledge and the history of big data. Second, the paper reviews the academic activities about big data in China. Then, it elaborates a number of challenging big data problems, including transforming semi-structured and non-structured data into “structured format” and explores the relationship of data heterogeneity, knowledge heterogeneity and decision heterogeneity. Furthermore, the paper reports various real-life applications of big data, such as financial and petroleum engineering and internet business.

关键词： big data data science intelligent knowledge engineering management real-life applications